8th grade Science vocabulary

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Unit 1

                                                              

Chapter 1

Lesson 1

  1. science
  2. scientific method
  3. hypothesis
  4. theory
  5. law
  6. control
  7. independent variable
  8. dependent variable
  9. constant
  10. graph

Lesson 2

  1. technology
  2. sequence
  3. inference

                                                              

Chapter 2

Lesson 1

  1. element
  2. electron
  3. proton
  4. neutron
  5. electron cloud

Lesson 2

  1. atomic number
  2. isotope
  3. mass number
  4. radioactive decay
  5. half-life

                                                              

Chapter 3

Lesson 1

  1. period
  2. group
  3. metal
  4. nonmetal
  5. metalloid

Lesson 2

  1. alloy
  2. semiconductor

                                                              

Chapter 4

Lesson 1

  1. electron dot diagram
  2. chemical bond

Lesson 2

  1. ion
  2. ionic bond
  3. compound
  4. covalent bond
  5. molecule
  6. formula

                                                              

Chapter 5

Lesson 1

  1. chemical reaction
  2. reactant
  3. product
  4. endothermic reaction
  5. exothermic reaction

Lesson 2

  1. rate of reaction
  2. inhibitor
  3. catalyst

Unit 2

                                                              

Chapter 6

Lesson 1

  1. speed
  2. displacement
  3. velocity
  4. acceleration

Lesson 2

  1. mass
  2. inertia
  3. momentum
  4. law of conservation of momentum

Lesson 3

  1. energy
  2. kinetic energy
  3. law of conservation of energy
  4. gravitational potential energy

                                                              

Chapter 7

Lesson 1

  1. force
  2. net force
  3. balanced forces
  4. unbalanced forces
  5. Newton's first law of motion
  6. friction

Lesson 2

  1. Newton's second law of motion
  2. normal force

Lesson 3

  1. Newton's third law of motion

Unit 3

                                                              

Chapter 8

Lesson 1

  1. fault
  2. earthquake
  3. normal fault
  4. reverse fault
  5. strike-slip fault

Lesson 2

  1. seismic wave
  2.  focus
  3. primary wave
  4. secondary wave
  5. epicenter
  6. surface water
  7. inner core
  8. outer core
  9. mantle
  10. crust

Lesson 3

  1. seismologist
  2. seismograph
  3. magnitude
  4. tsunami

                                                              

Chapter 9

Lesson 1

  1. volcano
  2. vent
  3. crater
  4. hot spot

Lesson 2

  1. shield volcano
  2. tephra
  3. cinder cone
  4. composite volcano

Lesson 3

  1. batholiths
  2. dike
  3. sill
  4. volcanic neck
  5. calderas

                                                              

Chapter 10

Lesson 1

  1. continental drift
  2. Pangaea

Lesson 2

  1. seafloor spreading

Lesson 3

  1. plate tectonics
  2. plate
  3. lithosphere
  4. asthenoshphere
  5. convection current

Unit 4

                                                              

Chapter 11

Lesson 1

  1. fossil
  2. petrified remains
  3. carbonaceous film
  4. mold
  5. cast
  6. index fossil

Lesson 2

  1. principle of superposition
  2. relative dating
  3. unconformity

Lesson 3

  1. absolute dating
  2. radioactive decay
  3. half-life
  4. radiometric dating
  5. uniformitarianism

                                                              

Chapter 12

Lesson 1

  1. species
  2. evolution
  3. natural selection
  4. variation
  5. gradualism
  6. punctuated equilibrium

Lesson 2

  1. sedimentary rock
  2. radioactive element
  3. homologous
  4. vestigial structure
  5. embryology

Lesson 3

  1. primates
  2. hominids
  3. Homo sapiens

                                                              

Chapter 13

Lesson 1

  1. geologic time scale
  2. era
  3. period
  4. epoch
  5. trilobite

Lesson 2

  1. Precambrian time
  2. cyanobacteria
  3. Paleozoic era
  4. amphibian
  5. reptile

Lesson 3

  1. Mesozoic era
  2. gastrolith
  3. Cenozoic era

Unit 5

                                                              

Chapter 14

Lesson 1

  1. organic compound
  2. hydrocarbon
  3. saturated hydrocarbon
  4. unsaturated hydrocarbon
  5. isomer

Lesson 2

  1. hydroxyl group
  2. carboxyl group
  3. amino group
  4. amino group

Lesson 3

  1. polymer
  2. protein
  3. carbohydrate
  4. lipid

                                                              

Chapter 15

Lesson 1

  1. stomata
  2. transpiration
  3. photosynthesis
  4. respiration

Lesson 2

  1. tropism
  2. auxin
  3. photoperiodism
  4. long-day plant
  5. short-day plant
  6. day-neutral plant

                                                              

Chapter 16

Lesson 1

  1. gametophytes stage
  2. sporophyte stage
  3. alternation of generations
  4. frond
  5. rhizome
  6. sori
  7. prothallus

 

Lesson 2

  1. ovule
  2. pollen grain
  3. stamen
  4. pistil
  5. ovary
  6. pollination

Unit 6

                                                              

Chapter 17

Lesson 1

  1. biosphere
  2. ecology
  3. abiotic factor
  4. biotic factor
  5. population
  6. community
  7. ecosystem

Lesson 2

  1. population density
  2. limiting factor
  3. carrying capacity
  4. symbiosis
  5. habitat
  6. niche

Lesson 3

  1. food chain
  2. food web
  3. ecological pyramid
  4. water cycle
  5. nitrogen cycle

                                                              

Chapter 18

Lesson 1

  1. ecological succession
  2. primary succession
  3. pioneer community
  4. secondary succession
  5. climax community

Lesson 2

  1. biome
  2. tundra
  3. taiga
  4. temperate deciduous forest
  5. tropical rain forest
  6. grassland
  7. desert

Lesson 3

  1. plankton
  2. estuary
  3. intertidal zone

                                                              

Chapter 19

Lesson 1

  1. natural resource
  2. renewable resource
  3. nonrenewable resource
  4. fossil fuel
  5. photovoltaic (PV) cell
  6. hydroelectric energy
  7. geothermal energy
  8. nuclear energy

Lesson 2

  1. soil depletion
  2. erosion
  3. soil management
  4. extinction
  5. endangered species
  6. recycling

Lesson 3

  1. pollutant
  2. smog
  3. acid rain
  4. ozone depletion
  5. greenhouse effect
  6. global warming
  7. hazardous waste
  8. groundwater

Unit 7

                                                              

Chapter 20

Lesson 1

  1. electromagnetic spectrum
  2. refracting telescope
  3. reflecting telescope
  4. observatory
  5. radio telescope

Lesson 2

  1. satellite
  2. orbit
  3. space probe
  4. Project Mercury
  5. Project Gemini
  6. Project Apollo

Lesson 3

  1. space shuttle
  2. space station

                                                              

Chapter 21

Lesson 1

  1. sphere
  2. axis
  3. rotation
  4. revolution
  5. ellipse
  6. equinox
  7. solstice

Lesson 2

  1. moon phase
  2. new moon
  3. waxing
  4. first quarter
  5. full moon
  6. waning
  7. third quarter
  8. solar eclipse
  9. lunar eclipse
  10. maria

Lesson 3

  1. mascon

                                                              

Chapter 22

Lesson 1

  1. solar system
  2. inner planet
  3. outer planet

Lesson 2

  1. Mercury
  2. Venus
  3. Earth
  4. Mars
  5. astronomical unit

Lesson 3

  1. Jupiter
  2. Uranus
  3. Neptune
  4. Pluto
  5. Saturn
  6. Great Red Spot

Lesson 4

  1. comet
  2. Oort Cloud
  3. meteor
  4. meteorite
  5. asteroid

                                                              

Chapter 23

Lesson 1

  1. constellation
  2. absolute magnitude
  3. apparent magnitude
  4. parallax
  5. light-year

Lesson 2

  1. photosphere
  2. chromospheres
  3. corona
  4. sunspot
  5. binary system

Lesson 3

  1. main sequence
  2. nebula
  3. giant
  4. white dwarf
  5. supergiant
  6. neutron star
  7. black hole

Lesson 4

  1. galaxy
  2. big bang theory